---
title: "33 Economics Quotes By Joseph Stiglitz"
description: "33 Economics quotes by Joseph Stiglitz. Plus more from Joseph Stiglitz and more Economics sayings from other authors."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-e_1612635.jpg"
---

> [The problem is a lot of what is called economics is not economics. It is more ideology or religion.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-economics-is-not-economics-it/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-e_1612635.jpg)

> [Letting bygones be bygones is a basic principle in economics.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/letting-bygones-be-bygones-is-a-basic-principle-in-economics/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c48/joseph-stiglitz-1351_basic_letting-bygones-be-bygones-is-a-basic-pr_454268.jpg)

> [The laws of normal economics dictate that lower taxes combined with increased spending will lead to bigger deficits.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-that-lower-taxes-combined-with/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/164/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-tha_87472.jpg)

> [Economists often like startling theorems, results which seem to run counter to conventional wisdom.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/economists-often-like-startling-theorems-results-which-seem-to-run/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/555/joseph-stiglitz-1351_conventional_economists-often-like-startling-theorems_960303.jpg)

> [Anybody who knows about capitalism knows that bankruptcy is an essential part of capitalism.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/anybody-who-knows-about-capitalism-knows-that-bankruptcy-is-an/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/736/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bankruptcy_anybody-who-knows-about-capitalism-knows_3077594.jpg)

> [As I noted in my Nobel lecture, an early insight in my work on the economics of information concerned the problem of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early-insight-in-my-work-on-the/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7fc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_concerned_as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early_102715.jpg)

> [Trickle-down economics is a myth. Enriching corporations - as the TPP would - will not necessarily help those in the middle, let…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enriching-corporations-as-the-tpp/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/46b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enrichi_44013.jpg)

> [An economy in which most citizens are doing worse year after year - an economy like America's - is not likely to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/an-economy-in-which-most-citizens-are-doing-worse-year-after-year-an/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/602/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_an-economy-in-which-most-citizens-are-do_2141826.jpg)

> [In an economy, when the government spends more and invests in the economy, that money circulates, and recirculates again and again. So…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends-more-and-invests-in-the/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e44/joseph-stiglitz-1351_create_in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends_86145.jpg)

> [A politically astute president who understood deeply the economics and politics of corporate tax reform could conceivably muscle Congress toward a reform…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/a-politically-astute-president-who-understood-deeply-the-economics/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a0e/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_a-politically-astute-president-who-under_2614696.jpg)

> [The momentum today behind the idea of a new global reserve currency reflects, in effect, the rise of the rest in world…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-momentum-today-behind-the-idea-of-a-new-global-reserve-currency/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d4d/joseph-stiglitz-1351_currency_the-momentum-today-behind-the-idea-of-a_1997423.jpg)

> [I think that for the developing world there are many versions of capitalism, and countries have to choose one that's appropriate.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-think-that-for-the-developing-world-there-are-many-versions-of/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ff0/joseph-stiglitz-1351_appropriate_i-think-that-for-the-developing-world-th_1696276.jpg)

> [Unfettered market American-style capitalism doesn't work. Developing countries can't afford that kind of luxury. They just can't afford it. Period. If there's…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/unfettered-market-american-style-capitalism-doesn-t-work-developing/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5b2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_unfettered-market-american-style-capital_2628091.jpg)

> [“The same is true for the market economy: the power of markets is enormous, but they have no inherent moral character. We…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-same-is-true-for-the-market-economy-the-power-of-markets-is/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6ab/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-system_the-same-is-true-for-the-market-economy_2829141.jpg)

> [Those who have contributed great positive innovations to our society, from the pioneers of genetic understanding to the pioneers of the Information…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/those-who-have-contributed-great-positive-innovations-to-our-society/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/65a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_age_those-who-have-contributed-great-positiv_3095624.jpg)

> [Under Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in the U.K., there was a rewriting of the basic rules of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/under-ronald-reagan-in-the-united-states-and-margaret-thatcher-in-the/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/138/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_under-ronald-reagan-in-the-united-states_2118053.jpg)

> [ They \[free market policies\] were never based on solid empirical and theoretical foundations, and even as many of these policies were being… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/they-free-market-policies-were-never-based-on-solid-empirical-and/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/184/joseph-stiglitz-1351_academic_they-free-market-policies-were-never-bas_1158951.jpg)

> [Globalization and trade liberalization were supposed to make us all better off through the mechanism of trickle-down economics. What we seemed to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/globalization-and-trade-liberalization-were-supposed-to-make-us-all/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0be/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_globalization-and-trade-liberalization-w_2200705.jpg)

> [Negative effects on the economy were covered up with a flood of liquidity from the Fed. That,plus lax regulation, led to a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/negative-effects-on-the-economy-were-covered-up-with-a-flood-of/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/924/joseph-stiglitz-1351_borrowed-money_negative-effects-on-the-economy-were-cov_2625966.jpg)

> [I trace the inequality to a particular set of decisions that we took when we lowered the tax rate from 91% down…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-trace-the-inequality-to-a-particular-set-of-decisions-that-we-took/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6dc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_century_i-trace-the-inequality-to-a-particular-s_1142374.jpg)

> [I think what they've been doing is largely almost in firefighting mode without a good conceptual framework - either at the micro…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-think-what-they-ve-been-doing-is-largely-almost-in-firefighting/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2e7/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asks_i-think-what-they-ve-been-doing-is-large_2189486.jpg)

> [There must have been something in the air of Gary that led one into economics: the first Nobel Prize winner, Paul Samuelson,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/there-must-have-been-something-in-the-air-of-gary-that-led-one-into/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7c2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_air_there-must-have-been-something-in-the-ai_2162959.jpg)

> [People at the top spend less money than those at the bottom, so when you have redistribution toward the top, aggregate demand…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than-those-at-the-bottom-so-when-2/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fb2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_3092210.jpg)

> [World War II was really unusual, because America was in the Great Depression before. So the war did help the US economy…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because-america-was-in-the-great/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/860/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because_156000.jpg)

> [For 60 years, since World War II, we have been trying to create a rules-based system, a global economic system. We understand…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/for-60-years-since-world-war-ii-we-have-been-trying-to-create-a-rules/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/828/joseph-stiglitz-1351_country_for-60-years-since-world-war-ii-we-have_2245818.jpg)

> [In a globally integrated economy, the biggest challenge is to make sure there is adequate global aggregate demand, achieved through spending, when…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/in-a-globally-integrated-economy-the-biggest-challenge-is-to-make/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d59/joseph-stiglitz-1351_challenges_in-a-globally-integrated-economy-the-big_2858209.jpg)

> [People at the top spend less money than those at the bottom so when you have redistribution toward the top, aggregate demand…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than-those-at-the-bottom-so-when/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e3a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_1565114.jpg)

> [It's actually a tribute to the quality of economics teaching that they have persuaded so many generations of students to believe in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-of-economics-teaching-that/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fbb/joseph-stiglitz-1351_believe_it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-o_75322.jpg)

> [I think in part the reason is that seeing an economy that is, in many ways, quite different from the one grows…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-think-in-part-the-reason-is-that-seeing-an-economy-that-is-in-many/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/867/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asking_i-think-in-part-the-reason-is-that-seein_539551.jpg)

> [With neoliberalism discredited and austerity failed, we need to rewrite the rules of the economy once again. But this time in the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/with-neoliberalism-discredited-and-austerity-failed-we-need-to/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a15/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-growth_with-neoliberalism-discredited-and-auste_2273815.jpg)

> [The diminishing economic role of the United States in the global economy means that global political power will also become more dispersed.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-diminishing-economic-role-of-the-united-states-in-the-global/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8ca/joseph-stiglitz-1351_donald-trump_the-diminishing-economic-role-of-the-uni_2430305.jpg)

> [The analysis in the era of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher was that government was interfering with the efficiency of the economy…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-analysis-in-the-era-of-ronald-reagan-and-margaret-thatcher-was/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0a3/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-analysis-in-the-era-of-ronald-reagan_2728254.jpg)

> [During my three years as chief economist of the World Bank, labor market issues were looked at through the lens of neoclassical…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/during-my-three-years-as-chief-economist-of-the-world-bank-labor/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a32/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_during-my-three-years-as-chief-economist_2873909.jpg)

## Other authors on Economics

- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b016/author-ludwig-von-mises-61872.jpg) Ludwig von Mises 142 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/ludwig-von-mises/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b013/author-john-kenneth-galbraith-51720.jpg) John Kenneth Galbraith 65 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/john-kenneth-galbraith/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b018/author-milton-friedman-68333.jpg) Milton Friedman 52 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/milton-friedman/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b004/author-ayn-rand-15943.jpg) Ayn Rand 52 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/ayn-rand/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b005/author-barack-obama-16275.jpg) Barack Obama 50 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/barack-obama/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b013/author-john-maynard-keynes-51905.jpg) John Maynard Keynes 45 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/john-maynard-keynes/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b023/author-thomas-sowell-90605.jpg) Thomas Sowell 40 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/thomas-sowell/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b024/author-wendell-berry-94730.jpg) Wendell Berry 39 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/wendell-berry/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b018/author-noam-chomsky-71799.jpg) Noam Chomsky 38 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/noam-chomsky/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b019/author-paul-krugman-74013.jpg) Paul Krugman 37 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/paul-krugman/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b010/author-friedrich-august-von-hayek-36338.jpg) Friedrich August von Hayek 34 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/friedrich-august-von-hayek/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b011/author-hillary-clinton-42043.jpg) Hillary Clinton 32 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/hillary-clinton/)

## More by Joseph Stiglitz

> [I grew up in a family in which political issues were often discussed, and debated intensely.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-grew-up-in-a-family-in-which-political-issues-were-often-discussed/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [But individuals and firms spend an enormous amount of resources acquiring information, which affects their beliefs; and actions of others too affect their beliefs.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/but-individuals-and-firms-spend-an-enormous-amount-of-resources/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [China, with its large emerging middle class, is among the big beneficiaries of globalization.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/china-with-its-large-emerging-middle-class-is-among-the-big/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [Trickle-down economics is a myth. Enriching corporations - as the TPP would - will not necessarily help those in the middle, let alone those…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enriching-corporations-as-the-tpp/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [Some people say we have this inequality because some people have been contributing much more to our society, and so it's fair that they…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/some-people-say-we-have-this-inequality-because-some-people-have-been/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [It's actually a tribute to the quality of economics teaching that they have persuaded so many generations of students to believe in so much…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-of-economics-teaching-that/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [In an economy, when the government spends more and invests in the economy, that money circulates, and recirculates again and again. So not only…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends-more-and-invests-in-the/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [The laws of normal economics dictate that lower taxes combined with increased spending will lead to bigger deficits.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-that-lower-taxes-combined-with/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [A less healthy America is not going to be as productive.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/a-less-healthy-america-is-not-going-to-be-as-productive/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [As I noted in my Nobel lecture, an early insight in my work on the economics of information concerned the problem of appropriability -…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early-insight-in-my-work-on-the/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [We noted the psychological problems facing many of the returning from Iraq veterans - of the 700,000 returning veterans, more than a 100,000 have…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/we-noted-the-psychological-problems-facing-many-of-the-returning-from/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [World War II was really unusual, because America was in the Great Depression before. So the war did help the US economy to get…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because-america-was-in-the-great/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [Moreover, because we chose to finance the way by borrowing, our deficits and debt has soared, and this means we have less room for…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/moreover-because-we-chose-to-finance-the-way-by-borrowing-our/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [I've always been sceptical about the notion that the market is a person you can engage in an argument with, and that that person…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-ve-always-been-sceptical-about-the-notion-that-the-market-is-a/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

> [The striking thing about America is - it's historically, extraordinary unusual,I don't of any other instance - is that productivity of workers and wages…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-striking-thing-about-america-is-it-s-historically-extraordinary/)

[Joseph Stiglitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stiglitz/)

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@graph": [
        {
            "@type": "ItemList",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/#itemlist",
            "name": "33 Economics Quotes By Joseph Stiglitz",
            "numberOfItems": 33,
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "The problem is a lot of what is called economics is not economics. It is more ideology or religion.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-economics-is-not-economics-it/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-e_1612635.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-e_1612635.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-e_1612635.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The problem is a lot of what is called economics is not economics. It is more ideology or religion.” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Letting bygones be bygones is a basic principle in economics.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/letting-bygones-be-bygones-is-a-basic-principle-in-economics/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c48/joseph-stiglitz-1351_basic_letting-bygones-be-bygones-is-a-basic-pr_454268.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c48/joseph-stiglitz-1351_basic_letting-bygones-be-bygones-is-a-basic-pr_454268.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c48/joseph-stiglitz-1351_basic_letting-bygones-be-bygones-is-a-basic-pr_454268.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Letting bygones be bygones is a basic principle in economics.” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "The laws of normal economics dictate that lower taxes combined with increased spending will lead to bigger deficits.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-that-lower-taxes-combined-with/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/164/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-tha_87472.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/164/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-tha_87472.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/164/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-laws-of-normal-economics-dictate-tha_87472.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The laws of normal economics dictate that lower taxes combined with increased spending will lead to bigger…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Economists often like startling theorems, results which seem to run counter to conventional wisdom.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/economists-often-like-startling-theorems-results-which-seem-to-run/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/555/joseph-stiglitz-1351_conventional_economists-often-like-startling-theorems_960303.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/555/joseph-stiglitz-1351_conventional_economists-often-like-startling-theorems_960303.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/555/joseph-stiglitz-1351_conventional_economists-often-like-startling-theorems_960303.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Economists often like startling theorems, results which seem to run counter to conventional wisdom.” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 5,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Anybody who knows about capitalism knows that bankruptcy is an essential part of capitalism.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/anybody-who-knows-about-capitalism-knows-that-bankruptcy-is-an/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/736/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bankruptcy_anybody-who-knows-about-capitalism-knows_3077594.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/736/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bankruptcy_anybody-who-knows-about-capitalism-knows_3077594.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/736/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bankruptcy_anybody-who-knows-about-capitalism-knows_3077594.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Anybody who knows about capitalism knows that bankruptcy is an essential part of capitalism.” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 6,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "As I noted in my Nobel lecture, an early insight in my work on the economics of information concerned the problem of appropriability - the difficulty that those who pay for information have in getting returns.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early-insight-in-my-work-on-the/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7fc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_concerned_as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early_102715.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7fc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_concerned_as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early_102715.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7fc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_concerned_as-i-noted-in-my-nobel-lecture-an-early_102715.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“As I noted in my Nobel lecture, an early insight in my work on the economics of information concerned the…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 7,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Trickle-down economics is a myth. Enriching corporations - as the TPP would - will not necessarily help those in the middle, let alone those at the bottom.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enriching-corporations-as-the-tpp/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/46b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enrichi_44013.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/46b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enrichi_44013.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/46b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_trickle-down-economics-is-a-myth-enrichi_44013.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Trickle-down economics is a myth. Enriching corporations - as the TPP would - will not necessarily help…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 8,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "An economy in which most citizens are doing worse year after year - an economy like America's - is not likely to do well over the long haul.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/an-economy-in-which-most-citizens-are-doing-worse-year-after-year-an/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/602/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_an-economy-in-which-most-citizens-are-do_2141826.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/602/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_an-economy-in-which-most-citizens-are-do_2141826.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/602/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_an-economy-in-which-most-citizens-are-do_2141826.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“An economy in which most citizens are doing worse year after year - an economy like America's - is not…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 9,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "In an economy, when the government spends more and invests in the economy, that money circulates, and recirculates again and again. So not only does it create jobs once: the investment creates jobs multiple times.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends-more-and-invests-in-the/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e44/joseph-stiglitz-1351_create_in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends_86145.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e44/joseph-stiglitz-1351_create_in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends_86145.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e44/joseph-stiglitz-1351_create_in-an-economy-when-the-government-spends_86145.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“In an economy, when the government spends more and invests in the economy, that money circulates, and…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 10,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "A politically astute president who understood deeply the economics and politics of corporate tax reform could conceivably muscle Congress toward a reform package that made sense. Trump is not that leader.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/a-politically-astute-president-who-understood-deeply-the-economics/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a0e/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_a-politically-astute-president-who-under_2614696.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a0e/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_a-politically-astute-president-who-under_2614696.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a0e/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_a-politically-astute-president-who-under_2614696.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“A politically astute president who understood deeply the economics and politics of corporate tax reform…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 11,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "The momentum today behind the idea of a new global reserve currency reflects, in effect, the rise of the rest in world politics and economics, led by China.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-momentum-today-behind-the-idea-of-a-new-global-reserve-currency/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d4d/joseph-stiglitz-1351_currency_the-momentum-today-behind-the-idea-of-a_1997423.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d4d/joseph-stiglitz-1351_currency_the-momentum-today-behind-the-idea-of-a_1997423.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d4d/joseph-stiglitz-1351_currency_the-momentum-today-behind-the-idea-of-a_1997423.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The momentum today behind the idea of a new global reserve currency reflects, in effect, the rise of the…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 12,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "I think that for the developing world there are many versions of capitalism, and countries have to choose one that's appropriate.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-think-that-for-the-developing-world-there-are-many-versions-of/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ff0/joseph-stiglitz-1351_appropriate_i-think-that-for-the-developing-world-th_1696276.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ff0/joseph-stiglitz-1351_appropriate_i-think-that-for-the-developing-world-th_1696276.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ff0/joseph-stiglitz-1351_appropriate_i-think-that-for-the-developing-world-th_1696276.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“I think that for the developing world there are many versions of capitalism, and countries have to choose…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 13,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Unfettered market American-style capitalism doesn't work. Developing countries can't afford that kind of luxury. They just can't afford it. Period. If there's a mistake, they can't afford to put out $2 trillion.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/unfettered-market-american-style-capitalism-doesn-t-work-developing/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5b2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_unfettered-market-american-style-capital_2628091.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5b2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_unfettered-market-american-style-capital_2628091.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5b2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_unfettered-market-american-style-capital_2628091.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Unfettered market American-style capitalism doesn't work. Developing countries can't afford that kind of…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 14,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“The same is true for the market economy: the power of markets is enormous, but they have no inherent moral character. We have to decide how to manage them... For all these reasons, it is plain that markets must be tamed and tempered to make sure they work to the benefit of most citizens. And that has to be done repeatedly, to ensure that they continue to do so.”",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-same-is-true-for-the-market-economy-the-power-of-markets-is/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6ab/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-system_the-same-is-true-for-the-market-economy_2829141.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6ab/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-system_the-same-is-true-for-the-market-economy_2829141.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6ab/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-system_the-same-is-true-for-the-market-economy_2829141.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The same is true for the market economy: the power of markets is enormous, but they have no inherent moral…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 15,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Those who have contributed great positive innovations to our society, from the pioneers of genetic understanding to the pioneers of the Information Age, have received a pittance compared with those responsible for the financial innovations that brought our global economy to the brink of ruin.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/those-who-have-contributed-great-positive-innovations-to-our-society/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/65a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_age_those-who-have-contributed-great-positiv_3095624.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/65a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_age_those-who-have-contributed-great-positiv_3095624.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/65a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_age_those-who-have-contributed-great-positiv_3095624.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Those who have contributed great positive innovations to our society, from the pioneers of genetic…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 16,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Under Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in the U.K., there was a rewriting of the basic rules of capitalism. These two governments changed the rules governing labour bargaining, weakening trade unions, and they weakened anti-trust enforcement, allowing more monopolies to be created.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/under-ronald-reagan-in-the-united-states-and-margaret-thatcher-in-the/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/138/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_under-ronald-reagan-in-the-united-states_2118053.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/138/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_under-ronald-reagan-in-the-united-states_2118053.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/138/joseph-stiglitz-1351_capitalism_under-ronald-reagan-in-the-united-states_2118053.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Under Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in the U.K., there was a rewriting of the…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 17,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "They [free market policies] were never based on solid empirical and theoretical foundations, and even as many of these policies were being pushed, academic economists were explaining the limitations of markets for instance, whenever information is imperfect, which is to say always.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/they-free-market-policies-were-never-based-on-solid-empirical-and/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/184/joseph-stiglitz-1351_academic_they-free-market-policies-were-never-bas_1158951.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/184/joseph-stiglitz-1351_academic_they-free-market-policies-were-never-bas_1158951.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/184/joseph-stiglitz-1351_academic_they-free-market-policies-were-never-bas_1158951.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“They [free market policies] were never based on solid empirical and theoretical foundations, and even as…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 18,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Globalization and trade liberalization were supposed to make us all better off through the mechanism of trickle-down economics. What we seemed to be seeing instead was trickle-up economics, accompanied by a destruction of democratic politics, as we moved ever closer to a system of 'one dollar, one vote' as opposed to 'one person, one vote.'",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/globalization-and-trade-liberalization-were-supposed-to-make-us-all/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0be/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_globalization-and-trade-liberalization-w_2200705.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0be/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_globalization-and-trade-liberalization-w_2200705.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0be/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_globalization-and-trade-liberalization-w_2200705.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Globalization and trade liberalization were supposed to make us all better off through the mechanism of…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 19,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Negative effects on the economy were covered up with a flood of liquidity from the Fed. That,plus lax regulation, led to a housing bubble, a consumption boom - but we were living on borrowed money. It was inevitable that there would be a day of reckoning, and it has now come. We will be paying the costs \"with interest\".",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/negative-effects-on-the-economy-were-covered-up-with-a-flood-of/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/924/joseph-stiglitz-1351_borrowed-money_negative-effects-on-the-economy-were-cov_2625966.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/924/joseph-stiglitz-1351_borrowed-money_negative-effects-on-the-economy-were-cov_2625966.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/924/joseph-stiglitz-1351_borrowed-money_negative-effects-on-the-economy-were-cov_2625966.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“Negative effects on the economy were covered up with a flood of liquidity from the Fed. That,plus lax…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 20,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "I trace the inequality to a particular set of decisions that we took when we lowered the tax rate from 91% down to very low levels at the top, where we stripped away regulations. So the result of that was not a more dynamic economy, but a more unequal society. We tried the experiment of trickle-down. A third of a century later, we can say fairly definitively that it was a failure.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-trace-the-inequality-to-a-particular-set-of-decisions-that-we-took/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6dc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_century_i-trace-the-inequality-to-a-particular-s_1142374.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6dc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_century_i-trace-the-inequality-to-a-particular-s_1142374.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6dc/joseph-stiglitz-1351_century_i-trace-the-inequality-to-a-particular-s_1142374.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“I trace the inequality to a particular set of decisions that we took when we lowered the tax rate from 91%…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 21,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "I think what they've been doing is largely almost in firefighting mode without a good conceptual framework - either at the micro or the macro level. Micro, you would ask: \"What kind of financial or banking system do we want?\" Macro, you would say: \"What are the underlying problems in the structure of our economy?\"",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-think-what-they-ve-been-doing-is-largely-almost-in-firefighting/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2e7/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asks_i-think-what-they-ve-been-doing-is-large_2189486.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2e7/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asks_i-think-what-they-ve-been-doing-is-large_2189486.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2e7/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asks_i-think-what-they-ve-been-doing-is-large_2189486.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“I think what they've been doing is largely almost in firefighting mode without a good conceptual framework…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 22,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "There must have been something in the air of Gary that led one into economics: the first Nobel Prize winner, Paul Samuelson, was also from Gary, as were several other distinguished economists.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/there-must-have-been-something-in-the-air-of-gary-that-led-one-into/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7c2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_air_there-must-have-been-something-in-the-ai_2162959.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7c2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_air_there-must-have-been-something-in-the-ai_2162959.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7c2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_air_there-must-have-been-something-in-the-ai_2162959.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“There must have been something in the air of Gary that led one into economics: the first Nobel Prize winner…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 23,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "People at the top spend less money than those at the bottom, so when you have redistribution toward the top, aggregate demand goes down. Unless you intervene, you're going to have a weak economy unless something else happens.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than-those-at-the-bottom-so-when-2/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fb2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_3092210.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fb2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_3092210.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fb2/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_3092210.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“People at the top spend less money than those at the bottom, so when you have redistribution toward the top…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 24,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "World War II was really unusual, because America was in the Great Depression before. So the war did help the US economy to get securely out of this decline. This time, the war [in Iraq] is bad for the economy in both the short and long run. We could have spent trillions in research or education instead. This would have led to future productivity increases.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because-america-was-in-the-great/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/860/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because_156000.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/860/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because_156000.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/860/joseph-stiglitz-1351_america_world-war-ii-was-really-unusual-because_156000.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“World War II was really unusual, because America was in the Great Depression before. So the war did help the…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 25,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "For 60 years, since World War II, we have been trying to create a rules-based system, a global economic system. We understand that what makes our economy function is what we call the rule of law, and what is true domestically is also true internationally. It is important to have rules by which we govern our relations with other countries.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/for-60-years-since-world-war-ii-we-have-been-trying-to-create-a-rules/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/828/joseph-stiglitz-1351_country_for-60-years-since-world-war-ii-we-have_2245818.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/828/joseph-stiglitz-1351_country_for-60-years-since-world-war-ii-we-have_2245818.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/828/joseph-stiglitz-1351_country_for-60-years-since-world-war-ii-we-have_2245818.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“For 60 years, since World War II, we have been trying to create a rules-based system, a global economic…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 26,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "In a globally integrated economy, the biggest challenge is to make sure there is adequate global aggregate demand, achieved through spending, when countries like China feel they must save high levels of dollar reserves to protect against international currency volatility.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/in-a-globally-integrated-economy-the-biggest-challenge-is-to-make/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d59/joseph-stiglitz-1351_challenges_in-a-globally-integrated-economy-the-big_2858209.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d59/joseph-stiglitz-1351_challenges_in-a-globally-integrated-economy-the-big_2858209.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d59/joseph-stiglitz-1351_challenges_in-a-globally-integrated-economy-the-big_2858209.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“In a globally integrated economy, the biggest challenge is to make sure there is adequate global aggregate…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 27,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "People at the top spend less money than those at the bottom so when you have redistribution toward the top, aggregate demand goes down. Unless you intervene, you're going to have a weak economy unless something else happens. That something else could be a bubble. The United States tried a tech bubble and a housing bubble, but those were not sustainable answers. So I view inequality as a fundamental part of our macroeconomic weakness.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than-those-at-the-bottom-so-when/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e3a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_1565114.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e3a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_1565114.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e3a/joseph-stiglitz-1351_bottom_people-at-the-top-spend-less-money-than_1565114.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“People at the top spend less money than those at the bottom so when you have redistribution toward the top…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 28,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "It's actually a tribute to the quality of economics teaching that they have persuaded so many generations of students to believe in so much that seems so counter to what the world is like. Many of the things that I'm going to describe make so much more common sense than these notions that seem counter to what one's eyes see every day.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-of-economics-teaching-that/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fbb/joseph-stiglitz-1351_believe_it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-o_75322.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fbb/joseph-stiglitz-1351_believe_it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-o_75322.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fbb/joseph-stiglitz-1351_believe_it-s-actually-a-tribute-to-the-quality-o_75322.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“It's actually a tribute to the quality of economics teaching that they have persuaded so many generations of…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 29,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "I think in part the reason is that seeing an economy that is, in many ways, quite different from the one grows up in, helps crystallize issues: in one's own environment, one takes too much for granted, without asking why things are the way they are.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/i-think-in-part-the-reason-is-that-seeing-an-economy-that-is-in-many/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/867/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asking_i-think-in-part-the-reason-is-that-seein_539551.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/867/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asking_i-think-in-part-the-reason-is-that-seein_539551.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/867/joseph-stiglitz-1351_asking_i-think-in-part-the-reason-is-that-seein_539551.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“I think in part the reason is that seeing an economy that is, in many ways, quite different from the one…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 30,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "With neoliberalism discredited and austerity failed, we need to rewrite the rules of the economy once again. But this time in the right way. We need rules that focus on long-term economic growth, and the only kind of sustainable prosperity is shared prosperity.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/with-neoliberalism-discredited-and-austerity-failed-we-need-to/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a15/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-growth_with-neoliberalism-discredited-and-auste_2273815.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a15/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-growth_with-neoliberalism-discredited-and-auste_2273815.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a15/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economic-growth_with-neoliberalism-discredited-and-auste_2273815.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“With neoliberalism discredited and austerity failed, we need to rewrite the rules of the economy once again…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 31,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "The diminishing economic role of the United States in the global economy means that global political power will also become more dispersed. The world will become multipolar. By clumsily re-asserting a wish for U.S. dominance, Donald Trump is accelerating the opposite.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-diminishing-economic-role-of-the-united-states-in-the-global/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8ca/joseph-stiglitz-1351_donald-trump_the-diminishing-economic-role-of-the-uni_2430305.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8ca/joseph-stiglitz-1351_donald-trump_the-diminishing-economic-role-of-the-uni_2430305.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8ca/joseph-stiglitz-1351_donald-trump_the-diminishing-economic-role-of-the-uni_2430305.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The diminishing economic role of the United States in the global economy means that global political power…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 32,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "The analysis in the era of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher was that government was interfering with the efficiency of the economy through protectionism, government subsidies, and government ownership. Once the government \"got out of the way,\" private markets would allocate resources efficiently and generate robust growth. Development would simply come.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/the-analysis-in-the-era-of-ronald-reagan-and-margaret-thatcher-was/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0a3/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-analysis-in-the-era-of-ronald-reagan_2728254.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0a3/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-analysis-in-the-era-of-ronald-reagan_2728254.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0a3/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-analysis-in-the-era-of-ronald-reagan_2728254.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The analysis in the era of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher was that government was interfering with the…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 33,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "During my three years as chief economist of the World Bank, labor market issues were looked at through the lens of neoclassical economics. A standard message was to increase labor market flexibility. The not-so-subtle subtext was to lower wages and lay off unneeded workers.",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Joseph Stiglitz"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stiglitz/during-my-three-years-as-chief-economist-of-the-world-bank-labor/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a32/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_during-my-three-years-as-chief-economist_2873909.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a32/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_during-my-three-years-as-chief-economist_2873909.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a32/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_during-my-three-years-as-chief-economist_2873909.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“During my three years as chief economist of the World Bank, labor market issues were looked at through the…” — Joseph Stiglitz",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "@type": "CollectionPage",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/#webpage",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/",
            "name": "Economics Quotes by Joseph Stiglitz",
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website"
            },
            "mainEntity": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/#itemlist"
            },
            "primaryImageOfPage": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7b/joseph-stiglitz-1351_economics_the-problem-is-a-lot-of-what-is-called-e_1612635.jpg"
            },
            "description": "33 Economics quotes by Joseph Stiglitz. Plus more from Joseph Stiglitz and more Economics sayings from other authors.",
            "breadcrumb": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/#breadcrumb"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/#breadcrumb",
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "name": "Home",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "name": "Quotes",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "name": "Topics",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/categories/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "name": "Economics",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 5,
                    "name": "Joseph Stiglitz",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economics/joseph-stiglitz/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "@type": "WebSite",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "publisher": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Organization",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/themes/sq/assets/icons/icon-512.png",
                "width": 512,
                "height": 512
            }
        }
    ]
}
```