---
title: "30 Economic Quotes By John Kenneth Galbraith"
description: "30 Economic quotes by John Kenneth Galbraith. Plus more from John Kenneth Galbraith and more Economic sayings from other authors."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/26f/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_conservatism_in-the-conventional-wisdom-of-conservati_2810232.png"
---

> [In the conventional wisdom of conservatives, the modern search for security is regularly billed as the greatest single threat to economic progress.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/in-the-conventional-wisdom-of-conservatives-the-modern-search-for/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/26f/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_conservatism_in-the-conventional-wisdom-of-conservati_2810232.png)

> [Milton Friedman’s misfortune is that his economic policies have been tried.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/milton-friedman-s-misfortune-is-that-his-economic-policies-have-been/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/913/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_economic_milton-friedman-s-misfortune-is-that-his_417054.png)

> [Few can believe that suffering, especially by others, is in vain. Anything that is disagreeable must surely have beneficial economic effects.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/few-can-believe-that-suffering-especially-by-others-is-in-vain/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/774/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_believe_few-can-believe-that-suffering-especiall_2260702.png)

> [It is the good fortune of the affluent country that the opportunity cost of economic discussion is low and hence it can…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/it-is-the-good-fortune-of-the-affluent-country-that-the-opportunity/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a62/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_affluent_it-is-the-good-fortune-of-the-affluent-c_461269.png)

> [The only function of economic forecasting is to make astrology look respectable.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-only-function-of-economic-forecasting-is-to-make-astrology-look/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/90e/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_astrology_the-only-function-of-economic-forecastin_2809782.png)

> [Economic life, as always, is a matrix in which result becomes cause and cause becomes result.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/economic-life-as-always-is-a-matrix-in-which-result-becomes-cause-and/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e5e/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_causes_economic-life-as-always-is-a-matrix-in-w_3123179.png)

> [It takes a certain brashness to attack the accepted economic legendsbut noneat all toperpetuatethem. So theyare perpetuated.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/it-takes-a-certain-brashness-to-attack-the-accepted-economic/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d2b/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_accepted_it-takes-a-certain-brashness-to-attack-t_1578675.png)

> [Agriculture is one economic activity that does not obey the laws of demand and supply.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/agriculture-is-one-economic-activity-that-does-not-obey-the-laws-of/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/531/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_activity_agriculture-is-one-economic-activity-tha_53410.png)

> [The attraction of power we take for granted in politics.. But in economics...the thrust...is for pecuniary return, for money. And I have…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-attraction-of-power-we-take-for-granted-in-politics-but-in/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/528/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_attraction_the-attraction-of-power-we-take-for-gran_1416662.jpg)

> [Perhaps never before or since have so many people taken the measure of economic prospects and found them so favorable as in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/perhaps-never-before-or-since-have-so-many-people-taken-the-measure/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3ec/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_disaster_perhaps-never-before-or-since-have-so-ma_2656983.png)

> [Monetary policy suffers from the unfortunate absence of any occult effect. It has long been clear that economic management...would be greatly facilitated…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/monetary-policy-suffers-from-the-unfortunate-absence-of-any-occult/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a2d/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_absence_monetary-policy-suffers-from-the-unfortu_1029437.png)

> [The stock market is but a mirror which provides an image of the underlying or fundamental economic situation. Cause and effect run…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-stock-market-is-but-a-mirror-which-provides-an-image-of-the/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fbb/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_cause-and-effect_the-stock-market-is-but-a-mirror-which-p_1371850.jpg)

> [In the usual (though certainly not in every) public decision on economic policy, the choice is between courses that are almost equally…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/in-the-usual-though-certainly-not-in-every-public-decision-on/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/952/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_choice_in-the-usual-though-certainly-not-in-eve_1167164.jpg)

> [The great dialectic in our time is not, as anciently and by some still supposed, between capital and labor; it is between…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-great-dialectic-in-our-time-is-not-as-anciently-and-by-some-still/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/786/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_business_the-great-dialectic-in-our-time-is-not-a_1110317.png)

> [Few economic problems, if any, are difficult of solution. The difficulty, all but invariably, is in confronting them. We know what needs…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/few-economic-problems-if-any-are-difficult-of-solution-the-difficulty/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/215/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_adversity_few-economic-problems-if-any-are-difficu_2185941.jpg)

> [Mr. David Stockman has said that supply-side economics was merely a cover for the trickle-down approach to economic policy—what an older and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/mr-david-stockman-has-said-that-supply-side-economics-was-merely-a/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/732/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_approach_mr-david-stockman-has-said-that-supply-s_117367.png)

> [People are the common denominator of progress. So... no improvement is possible with unimproved people, and advance is certain when people are…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/people-are-the-common-denominator-of-progress-so-no-improvement-is/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/27c/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_certain_people-are-the-common-denominator-of-pro_173356.png)

> [Let’s begin with capitalism, a word that has gone largely out of fashion. The approved reference now is to the market system.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/let-s-begin-with-capitalism-a-word-that-has-gone-largely-out-of/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/db3/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_accord_let-s-begin-with-capitalism-a-word-that_2984700.png)

> [The seminar in economic theory conducted by Hayek at the L.S.E. in the 1930s was attended, it came to seem, by all…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-seminar-in-economic-theory-conducted-by-hayek-at-the-l-s-e-in-the/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f12/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_1930s_the-seminar-in-economic-theory-conducted_213718.png)

> [I write with two things in mind. I want to be right with my fellow economists. After all, I've made my life…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/i-write-with-two-things-in-mind-i-want-to-be-right-with-my-fellow/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ff1/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_audience_i-write-with-two-things-in-mind-i-want-t_1624807.jpg)

> [It had been held that the economic system, any capitalist system, found its equilibrium at full employment. Left to itself, it was…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/it-had-been-held-that-the-economic-system-any-capitalist-system-found/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/167/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_aberration_it-had-been-held-that-the-economic-syste_824225.jpg)

> [In the usual (though certainly not in every) public decision on economic policy, the choice is between courses that are almost equally…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/in-the-usual-though-certainly-not-in-every-public-decision-on-2/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bd3/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_capable_in-the-usual-though-certainly-not-in-eve_1972919.jpg)

> [“The oldest problem in economic education is how to exclude the incompetent. A certain glib mastery of verbiage-the ability to speak portentously…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-oldest-problem-in-economic-education-is-how-to-exclude-the/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/39a/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_ability_the-oldest-problem-in-economic-education_1250772.jpg)

> [Good writing, and this is especially important in a subject such as economics, must also involve the reader in the matter at…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/good-writing-and-this-is-especially-important-in-a-subject-such-as/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/881/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_ability_good-writing-and-this-is-especially-impo_3029137.png)

> [To see economic policy as a problem of choice between rival ideologies is the greatest error of our time.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/to-see-economic-policy-as-a-problem-of-choice-between-rival/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ee3/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_choices_to-see-economic-policy-as-a-problem-of-c_754381.png)

> [One of the greatest pieces of economic wisdom is to know what you do not know.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/one-of-the-greatest-pieces-of-economic-wisdom-is-to-know-what-you-do/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5c4/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_economic_one-of-the-greatest-pieces-of-economic-w_2538394.png)

> [There is little that can be said about most economic goods. A toothbrush does little but clean teeth. Aspirin does little but…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/there-is-little-that-can-be-said-about-most-economic-goods-a/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/19f/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_alcohol_there-is-little-that-can-be-said-about-m_2572970.jpg)

> [Economic stimulation that works through the increased outlays to the affluent has, inevitably, an aspect of soundness and sanity that is lacking…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/economic-stimulation-that-works-through-the-increased-outlays-to-the/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ed3/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_affluent_economic-stimulation-that-works-through_1109991.png)

> [Economic theory is the most prestigious subject of instruction and study. Agricultural economics, labor economics and marketing are lower caste fields of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/economic-theory-is-the-most-prestigious-subject-of-instruction-and/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9be/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_castes_economic-theory-is-the-most-prestigious_1534504.png)

> [The accepted ideas of any period are singularly those that serve the dominant economic interest...What economists believe and teach, whether in the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/the-accepted-ideas-of-any-period-are-singularly-those-that-serve-the/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/706/john-kenneth-galbraith-643_accepted_the-accepted-ideas-of-any-period-are-sin_833768.png)

## Other authors on Economic

## More by John Kenneth Galbraith

> [Getting on the cover of TIME guarantees the existence of opposition in the future.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/getting-on-the-cover-of-time-guarantees-the-existence-of-opposition/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Technology means the systematic application of scientific or other organized knowledge to practical tasks.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/technology-means-the-systematic-application-of-scientific-or-other/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [“Men can labor to make sense out of single steps toward the goal without ever pausing to reflect that the goal itself is ludicrous.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/men-can-labor-to-make-sense-out-of-single-steps-toward-the-goal/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Consumer wants can have bizarre, frivolous, or even immoral origins, and an admirable case can still be made for a society that seeks to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/consumer-wants-can-have-bizarre-frivolous-or-even-immoral-origins-and/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [That one never need to look beyond the love of money for explanation of human behavior is one of the most jealously guarded simplification…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/that-one-never-need-to-look-beyond-the-love-of-money-for-explanation/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Agriculture is one economic activity that does not obey the laws of demand and supply.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/agriculture-is-one-economic-activity-that-does-not-obey-the-laws-of/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [If we were not in Vietnam, all that part of the world would be enjoying the obscurity it so richly deserves.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/if-we-were-not-in-vietnam-all-that-part-of-the-world-would-be/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Washington is a place where men praise courage and act on elaborate personal cost-benefit calculations.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/washington-is-a-place-where-men-praise-courage-and-act-on-elaborate/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [World War II revealed two of the enduring features of the Keynesian Revolution. One was the moral difference between spending for welfare and spending…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/world-war-ii-revealed-two-of-the-enduring-features-of-the-keynesian/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Money is what fueled the industrial society. But in the informational society, the fuel, the power, is knowledge. One has now come to see…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/money-is-what-fueled-the-industrial-society-but-in-the-informational/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [While it will be desirable to achieve planned results, it will be even more important to avoid unplanned disasters.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/while-it-will-be-desirable-to-achieve-planned-results-it-will-be-even/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [A bad book is the worse that it cannot repent. It has not been the devil's policy to keep the masses of mankind in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/a-bad-book-is-the-worse-that-it-cannot-repent-it-has-not-been-the/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Genius is a rising stock market.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/genius-is-a-rising-stock-market/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Mr. David Stockman has said that supply-side economics was merely a cover for the trickle-down approach to economic policy—what an older and less elegant…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/mr-david-stockman-has-said-that-supply-side-economics-was-merely-a/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

> [Inventions that are not made, like babies that are not born, are rarely missed. In the absence of new developments, old ones may seem…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-kenneth-galbraith/inventions-that-are-not-made-like-babies-that-are-not-born-are-rarely/)

[John Kenneth Galbraith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-kenneth-galbraith/)

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                        "text": "Agriculture is one economic activity that does not obey the laws of demand and supply.",
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                        "text": "Perhaps never before or since have so many people taken the measure of economic prospects and found them so favorable as in the two days following the Thursday [24th October 1929] disaster.",
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                        "text": "Monetary policy suffers from the unfortunate absence of any occult effect. It has long been clear that economic management...would be greatly facilitated if resort could occasionally be had to witchcraft.",
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                        "text": "In the usual (though certainly not in every) public decision on economic policy, the choice is between courses that are almost equally good or equally bad. It is the narrowest decisions that are most ardently debated.",
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                        "text": "The great dialectic in our time is not, as anciently and by some still supposed, between capital and labor; it is between economic enterprise and the state.",
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                        "text": "Few economic problems, if any, are difficult of solution. The difficulty, all but invariably, is in confronting them. We know what needs to be done; for reasons of inertia, pecuniary interest, passion or ignorance, we do not wish to say so.",
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                        "text": "Mr. David Stockman has said that supply-side economics was merely a cover for the trickle-down approach to economic policy—what an older and less elegant generation called the horse-and-sparrow theory: If you feed the horse enough oats, some will pass through to the road for the sparrows.",
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                        "text": "People are the common denominator of progress. So... no improvement is possible with unimproved people, and advance is certain when people are liberated and educated. It would be wrong to dismiss the importance of roads, railroads, power plants, mills,and the other familiar furniture of economic development… But we are coming to realize... that there is a certain sterility in economic monuments that stand alone in a sea of illiteracy. Conquest of illiteracy comes first.",
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                        "text": "Let’s begin with capitalism, a word that has gone largely out of fashion. The approved reference now is to the market system. This shift minimizes - indeed, deletes - the role of wealth in the economic and social system. And it sheds the adverse connotation going back to Marx. Instead of the owners of capital or their attendants in control, we have the admirably impersonal role of market forces. It would be hard to think of a change in terminology more in the interest of those to whom money accords power. They have now a functional anonymity.",
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                        "text": "The  seminar in economic theory conducted by Hayek at the L.S.E. in the 1930s  was attended, it came to seem, by all of the economists of my generation - Nicky  Kaldor , Thomas Balogh, L. K. Jah, Paul Rosenstein-Rodan, the list could be indefinitely extended. The urge to participate (and correct Hayek) was ruthlessly competitive.",
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                        "text": "I write with two things in mind. I want to be right with my fellow economists. After all, I've made my life as a professional economist, so I'm careful that my economics is as it should be. But I have long felt that there's no economic proposition that can't be stated in clear, accessible language. So I try to be right with my fellow economists, but I try to have an audience of any interested, intelligent person.",
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                        "text": "It had been held that the economic system, any capitalist system, found its equilibrium at full employment. Left to itself, it was thus that it came to rest. Idle men and idle plant were an aberration, a wholly temporary failing. Keynes showed that the modern economy could as well find its equilibrium with continuing, serious unemployment. Its perfectly normal tendency was to what economists have since come to call an underemployment equilibrium.",
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                        "text": "In the usual (though certainly not in every) public decision on economic policy, the choice is between courses that are almost equally good or equally bad. It is the narrowest decisions that are most ardently debated. If the world is lucky enough to enjoy peace, it may even one day make the discovery, to the horror of doctrinaire free-enterprisers and doctrinaire planners alike, that what is called capitalism and what is called socialism are both capable of working quite well.",
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                        "text": "“The oldest problem in economic education is how to exclude the incompetent. A certain glib mastery of verbiage-the ability to speak portentously and sententiously about the relation of money supply to the price level-is easy for the unlearned and may even be aided by a mildly enfeebled intellect. The requirement that there be ability to master difficult models, including ones for which mathematical competence is required, is a highly useful screening device.”",
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                        "text": "Good writing, and this is especially important in a subject such as economics, must also involve the reader in the matter at hand. It is not enough to explain. The images that are in the mind of the writer must be made to reappear in the mind of the reader, and it is the absence of this ability that causes much economic writing to be condemned, quite properly, as abstract.",
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                        "text": "To see economic policy as a problem of choice between rival ideologies is the greatest error of our time.",
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                        "text": "There is little that can be said about most economic goods. A toothbrush does little but clean teeth. Aspirin does little but dull pain. Alcohol is important mostly for making people more or less drunk ... There being so little to be said, much is to be invented.",
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                        "text": "Economic stimulation that works through the increased outlays to the affluent has, inevitably, an aspect of soundness and sanity that is lacking in expenditure on behalf of the undeserving poor.",
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                        "text": "Economic theory is the most prestigious subject of instruction and study. Agricultural economics, labor economics and marketing are lower caste fields of study.",
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                        "text": "The accepted ideas of any period are singularly those that serve the dominant economic interest...What economists believe and teach, whether in the United States or in the Soviet Union, is rarely hostile to the institutions - the private business enterprise, the Communist Party - that reflect the dominant economic power. Not to notice this takes effort, although many succeed.",
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