---
title: "141 Contingency Quotes by 118 authors"
description: "Browse 141 Contingency quotes by 118 authors. Discover the best Contingency sayings and thoughts."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5b0/amit-kalantri-279_business_redundancy-is-my-favourite-business-stra_713919.jpg"
---

> [“Redundancy is my favourite business strategy.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/amit-kalantri/redundancy-is-my-favourite-business-strategy/)

[Amit Kalantri](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/amit-kalantri/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5b0/amit-kalantri-279_business_redundancy-is-my-favourite-business-stra_713919.jpg)

> [“I'd be a dumbass if I didn't plan for every contingency.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/maya-banks/i-d-be-a-dumbass-if-i-didn-t-plan-for-every-contingency/)

[Maya Banks](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/maya-banks/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dcb/maya-banks-617_humor_i-d-be-a-dumbass-if-i-didn-t-plan-for-ev_1176403.jpg)

> [“There is a kinship between the concepts of nature and radical contingency.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/maurice-merleau-ponty/there-is-a-kinship-between-the-concepts-of-nature-and-radical/)

[Maurice Merleau-Ponty](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/maurice-merleau-ponty/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b38/maurice-merleau-ponty-2834_contingency_there-is-a-kinship-between-the-concepts_2374667.jpg)

> [We have contingency plans for war, but none for peace.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/theodore-c-sorensen/we-have-contingency-plans-for-war-but-none-for-peace/)

[Theodore C. Sorensen](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/theodore-c-sorensen/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/18e/theodore-c-sorensen-22160_contingency_we-have-contingency-plans-for-war-but-no_1860959.png)

> [A self is a repertoire of behavior appropriate to a given set of contingencies.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/b-f-skinner/a-self-is-a-repertoire-of-behavior-appropriate-to-a-given-set-of/)

[B. F. Skinner](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/b-f-skinner/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2c4/b-f-skinner-4812_behavior_a-self-is-a-repertoire-of-behavior-appro_2301867.png)

> [Contingency is a thing unto itself, not the titration of determinism by randomness.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/stephen-jay-gould/contingency-is-a-thing-unto-itself-not-the-titration-of-determinism/)

[Stephen Jay Gould](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/stephen-jay-gould/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/712/stephen-jay-gould-885_contingency_contingency-is-a-thing-unto-itself-not-t_1294100.png)

> [That's all teaching is; arranging contingencies which bring changes in behavior.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/b-f-skinner/that-s-all-teaching-is-arranging-contingencies-which-bring-changes-in/)

[B. F. Skinner](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/b-f-skinner/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c31/b-f-skinner-4812_arranging_that-s-all-teaching-is-arranging-conting_3187315.png)

> [“your contingency plan is as important as your business plan.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/pooja-agnihotri/your-contingency-plan-is-as-important-as-your-business-plan/)

[Pooja Agnihotri](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/pooja-agnihotri/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/92e/pooja-agnihotri-9998_business_your-contingency-plan-is-as-important-as_2626983.jpg)

> [“When you walk into your memories, you are opening a door to the past; the road within has many branches, and the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/xinran/when-you-walk-into-your-memories-you-are-opening-a-door-to-the-past/)

[Xinran](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/xinran/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6bf/xinran-33631_contingency_when-you-walk-into-your-memories-you-are_3116587.png)

> [You can’t control every contingency. You have to accept that. Let it scare you. Trust that it’ll be okay anyway.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/rick-riordan/you-can-t-control-every-contingency-you-have-to-accept-that-let-it/)

[Rick Riordan](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/rick-riordan/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/354/rick-riordan-27_accepting_you-can-t-control-every-contingency-you_136003.jpg)

> [The world changed from having the determinism of a clock to having the contingency of a pinball machine.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/the-world-changed-from-having-the-determinism-of-a-clock-to-having/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5e6/anonymous-1_changed_the-world-changed-from-having-the-determ_552299.jpg)

> [The same contingencies of time and space that force a statesman or soldier to make decisions, impel the historian, though with less…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/the-same-contingencies-of-time-and-space-that-force-a-statesman-or/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f13/anonymous-1_contingency_the-same-contingencies-of-time-and-space_2789035.jpg)

> [“In thinking the of the eternal, we must link the eternal with the accidentality of our thinking”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/in-thinking-the-of-the-eternal-we-must-link-the-eternal-with-the/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b95/anonymous-1_contingency_in-thinking-the-of-the-eternal-we-must-l_360539.jpg)

> [When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/albert-bandura/when-actions-are-followed-by-events-that-are-not-causally-related-to/)

[Albert Bandura](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/albert-bandura/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b16/albert-bandura-3524_action_when-actions-are-followed-by-events-that_1885188.png)

> [There is certainly a strong game development community in Texas, centered around Austin, with a significant additional contingency coming over from Dallas.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jennifer-pahlka/there-is-certainly-a-strong-game-development-community-in-texas/)

[Jennifer Pahlka](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jennifer-pahlka/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/87f/jennifer-pahlka-19149_additional_there-is-certainly-a-strong-game-develop_1226960.jpg)

> [One thing that makes it possible to be an optimist is if you have a contingency plan for when all hell breaks…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/randy-pausch/one-thing-that-makes-it-possible-to-be-an-optimist-is-if-you-have-a/)

[Randy Pausch](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/randy-pausch/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/523/randy-pausch-842_break_one-thing-that-makes-it-possible-to-be-a_3129569.png)

> [I mean, the radical contingency that is - that exists and the fact that I'm going into the streets and finding random…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/kehinde-wiley/i-mean-the-radical-contingency-that-is-that-exists-and-the-fact-that/)

[Kehinde Wiley](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/kehinde-wiley/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3ee/kehinde-wiley-1194_contingency_i-mean-the-radical-contingency-that-is-t_1046009.jpg)

> [The more a man is successful in getting out (or coming out) from his own individuality, of his egoist self, and to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/african-spir/the-more-a-man-is-successful-in-getting-out-or-coming-out-from-his/)

[African Spir](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/african-spir/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/39b/african-spir-10042_character_the-more-a-man-is-successful-in-getting_2517247.jpg)

> [“Whereas some dwell on the bright side of life, enjoying an exciting spectrum of contingencies, and get all the breaks, others live…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/erik-pevernagie/whereas-some-dwell-on-the-bright-side-of-life-enjoying-an-exciting/)

[Erik Pevernagie](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/erik-pevernagie/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4a7/erik-pevernagie-688_bright-side_whereas-some-dwell-on-the-bright-side-of_287593.jpg)

> [“Sometimes life can be unexpected. Sometimes things surprise you and all you can do is roll with the punches or let them…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/p-s-martinez/sometimes-life-can-be-unexpected-sometimes-things-surprise-you-and/)

[P. S. Martinez](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/p-s-martinez/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fa9/p-s-martinez-86355_contingency_sometimes-life-can-be-unexpected-sometim_1489180.jpg)

> [I believe that a person should take an affirmative outlook. There are always problems in life, old and new, uncertainties, and unexpected…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/paul-kurtz/i-believe-that-a-person-should-take-an-affirmative-outlook-there-are/)

[Paul Kurtz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/paul-kurtz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d56/paul-kurtz-19129_adversity_i-believe-that-a-person-should-take-an-a_1071899.jpg)

> [The very essence of civilized culture is that we deliberately institute, in advance of the happening of various contingencies and emergencies of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/dale-jamieson/the-very-essence-of-civilized-culture-is-that-we-deliberately/)

[Dale Jamieson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/dale-jamieson/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ba7/dale-jamieson-4075_approach_the-very-essence-of-civilized-culture-is_143847.jpg)

> [There is little peace or comfort in life if we are always anxious as to future events. He that worries himself with…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/samuel-johnson/there-is-little-peace-or-comfort-in-life-if-we-are-always-anxious-as/)

[Samuel Johnson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/samuel-johnson/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/cdc/samuel-johnson-50_anticipation_there-is-little-peace-or-comfort-in-life_2337302.png)

> [A good portfolio is more than a long list of good stocks and bonds. It is a balanced whole, providing the investor…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/harry-markowitz/a-good-portfolio-is-more-than-a-long-list-of-good-stocks-and-bonds-it/)

[Harry Markowitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/harry-markowitz/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/342/harry-markowitz-56206_balanced_a-good-portfolio-is-more-than-a-long-lis_2855342.jpg)

> [A writer's work has to take account of many rhythms: Vulcan's and Mercury's, a message of urgency obtained by dint of patient…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/italo-calvino/a-writer-s-work-has-to-take-account-of-many-rhythms-vulcan-s-and/)

[Italo Calvino](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/italo-calvino/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4e4/italo-calvino-402_accounts_a-writer-s-work-has-to-take-account-of-m_2895270.jpg)

> [“But do you imagine there’s a certain type of person in the world who conforms to the idea of a ‘bad person'?…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/natsume-s-seki/but-do-you-imagine-there-s-a-certain-type-of-person-in-the-world-who/)

[Natsume Sōseki](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/natsume-s-seki/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b5c/natsume-s-seki-10250_antebellum_but-do-you-imagine-there-s-a-certain-typ_229243.jpg)

> [There is no evolutionary pressure to create minds capable of forming sciences; it just happened. Evolutionary pressure has not led to higher…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/noam-chomsky/there-is-no-evolutionary-pressure-to-create-minds-capable-of-forming/)

[Noam Chomsky](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/noam-chomsky/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d8d/noam-chomsky-42_biology_there-is-no-evolutionary-pressure-to-cre_711024.jpg)

> [In the army we are drilled into execution and then supervision, to make sure everything goes the way you planned it. But…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/colin-powell/in-the-army-we-are-drilled-into-execution-and-then-supervision-to/)

[Colin Powell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/colin-powell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0dc/colin-powell-691_army_in-the-army-we-are-drilled-into-executio_3011331.jpg)

> [So-called real life has only once interfered with me, and it had been a far cry from what the words, lines, books…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/cees-nooteboom/so-called-real-life-has-only-once-interfered-with-me-and-it-had-been/)

[Cees Nooteboom](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/cees-nooteboom/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4cb/cees-nooteboom-17398_blind_so-called-real-life-has-only-once-interf_1865551.jpg)

> [...for the question is of will, and not, as the insanity of logic has assumed of power. It is not that the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/edgar-allan-poe/for-the-question-is-of-will-and-not-as-the-insanity-of-logic-has/)

[Edgar Allan Poe](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/edgar-allan-poe/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8dd/edgar-allan-poe-315_contingency_for-the-question-is-of-will-and-not-as-t_3058335.jpg)

> [“Men wiser and more learned than I have discerned in history a plot, a rhythm, a predetermined pattern. These harmonies are concealed…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/men-wiser-and-more-learned-than-i-have-discerned-in-history-a-plot-a/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/cee/h-a-l-fisher-2-162655_contingency_men-wiser-and-more-learned-than-i-have-d_541861.jpg)

> [Contingency is rich and fascinating; it embodies an exquisite tension between the power of individuals to modify history and the intelligible limits…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/stephen-jay-gould/contingency-is-rich-and-fascinating-it-embodies-an-exquisite-tension/)

[Stephen Jay Gould](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/stephen-jay-gould/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/27b/stephen-jay-gould-885_contingency_contingency-is-rich-and-fascinating-it-e_2428194.jpg)

> [ “\[Foucault's\] criticism is not transcendental, and its goal is not that of making a metaphysics possible: it is genealogical in its design… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/paul-rabinow/foucault-s-criticism-is-not-transcendental-and-its-goal-is-not-that/)

[Paul Rabinow](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/paul-rabinow/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5a0/paul-rabinow-113670_contingency_foucault-s-criticism-is-not-transcendent_1204346.jpg)

> [“Charles Kahn offers the following summary of how a new metaphysics takes shape in Islamic philosophy: 'My general view of the historical…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/james-conant/charles-kahn-offers-the-following-summary-of-how-a-new-metaphysics/)

[James Conant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/james-conant/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/56e/james-conant-187309_church-fathers_charles-kahn-offers-the-following-summar_2167197.jpg)

> [“The brain homology hypothesis entails losses across the board, with more than 75 percent of existing animal phyla having quite literally lost…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-powell/the-brain-homology-hypothesis-entails-losses-across-the-board-with/)

[Russell Powell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-powell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/aee/russell-powell-192415_contingency_the-brain-homology-hypothesis-entails-lo_1320566.jpg)

> [“Evaluation must be done in hindsight, after the work has been done, not for proposals for work to be done. That said,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/venkatesh-narayanamurti/evaluation-must-be-done-in-hindsight-after-the-work-has-been-done-not/)

[Venkatesh Narayanamurti](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/venkatesh-narayanamurti/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/27a/venkatesh-narayanamurti-135409_chance_evaluation-must-be-done-in-hindsight-aft_113240.jpg)

> [“The photograph not only stops time, Benjamin argues, but also works to project the future out of the past. The photograph is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/shawn-michelle-smith/the-photograph-not-only-stops-time-benjamin-argues-but-also-works-to/)

[Shawn Michelle Smith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/shawn-michelle-smith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1f2/shawn-michelle-smith-277645_contingency_the-photograph-not-only-stops-time-benja_3047727.jpg)

> [“The general argument from the contingent to the absolute, or from the conditioned to the unconditioned, is a powerful and cogent one.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-bentley-hart/the-general-argument-from-the-contingent-to-the-absolute-or-from-the/)

[David Bentley Hart](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-bentley-hart/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/336/david-bentley-hart-4691_contingency_the-general-argument-from-the-contingent_449450.jpg)

> [“In line with the total assault of scientific investigation and critical rationality on our most well-cherished and established intuitions, why should we…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/reza-negarestani/in-line-with-the-total-assault-of-scientific-investigation-and/)

[Reza Negarestani](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/reza-negarestani/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/969/reza-negarestani-67267_contingency_in-line-with-the-total-assault-of-scient_1428474.jpg)

> [“Like most visionary utopias, though. IDN (Integrated Data Network) was never to be. Perhaps it was simply too ambitious a project: infrastructures…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/juan-pablo-pardo-guerra/like-most-visionary-utopias-though-idn-integrated-data-network-was/)

[Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/juan-pablo-pardo-guerra/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f82/juan-pablo-pardo-guerra-161014_automation_like-most-visionary-utopias-though-idn-i_540364.jpg)

## Top authors on Contingency

- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b022/author-stephen-jay-gould-87041.jpg) Stephen Jay Gould 5 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/contingency/stephen-jay-gould/)

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                        "text": "“Sometimes life can be unexpected. Sometimes things surprise you and all you can do is roll with the punches or let them beat you to a bloody pulp. -Sage Hannigan, Contingency”",
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                        "text": "I believe that a person should take an affirmative outlook. There are always problems in life, old and new, uncertainties, and unexpected contingencies. The optimal way to deal with this is not to give up in despair, but to move ahead using the best intelligence and resources that we have to overcome adversity.",
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                        "text": "The very essence of civilized culture is that we deliberately institute, in advance of the happening of various contingencies and emergencies of life, devices for detecting their approach and registering their nature, for warding off what is unfavorable or at least for protecting ourselves from its full impact.",
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                        "text": "A good portfolio is more than a long list of good stocks and bonds. It is a balanced whole, providing the investor with protections and opportunities with respect to a wide range of contingencies.",
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                        "text": "A writer's work has to take account of many rhythms: Vulcan's and Mercury's, a message of urgency obtained by dint of patient and meticulous adjustments and an intuition so instantaneous that, when formulated, it acquires the finality of something that could never have been otherwise. But it is also the rhythm of time that passes with no other aim than to let feelings and thoughts settle down, mature, and shed all impatience or ephemeral contingency.",
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                        "text": "“But do you imagine there’s a certain type of person in the world who conforms to the idea of a ‘bad person'? You’ll never find someone who fits that mold neatly, you know. On the whole, all people are good, or at least they’re normal. The frightening thing is that they can suddenly turn bad when it comes to the crunch. That’s why you have to be careful.”",
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                        "text": "There is no evolutionary pressure to create minds capable of forming sciences; it just happened. Evolutionary pressure has not led to higher rates of reproduction for people capable of solving scientific problems or creating new scientific ideas. So if, in fact, the science-forming capacities evolved for other reasons, it would not be too surprising if those particular structures that have developed proved to be rather special in their nature, reflecting the contingencies of their evolution or the working of physical law.",
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                        "text": "In the army we are drilled into execution and then supervision, to make sure everything goes the way you planned it. But there is another thing that we do in the military, that I think perhaps isn't done enough in corporate life: As soon as you have made that decision, you start on the contingency planning. Because there is, as we like to say, a thinking, breathing enemy out there, who is not going to let you do just what you want.",
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                        "text": "So-called real life has only once interfered with me, and it had been a far cry from what the words, lines, books had prepared me for. Fate had to do with blind seers, oracles, choruses announcing death, not with panting next to the refrigerator, fumbling with condoms, waiting in a Honda parked round the corner and surreptitious encounters in a Lisbon hotel. Only the written word exists, everything one must do oneself is without form, subject to contingency without rhyme or reason. It takes too long. And if it ends badly the metre isn't right, and there's no way to cross things out.",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "...for the question is of will, and not, as the insanity of logic has assumed of power.  It is not that the Deity cannot modify his laws, but that we insult him in imagining a possible necessity for modification.  In their origin these laws were fashioned to embrace all contingencies which could lie in the future.  With God all is Now.",
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                        "text": "“Men wiser and more learned than I have discerned in history a plot, a rhythm, a predetermined pattern. These harmonies are concealed from me. I can see only one emergency following upon another as wave follows upon wave, only one great fact with respect to which, since it is unique, there can be no generalizations; only one safe rule for the historian: that he should recognize in the development of human destinies the play of the contingent and the unforeseen.”",
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                        "text": "Contingency is rich and fascinating; it embodies an exquisite tension between the power of individuals to modify history and the intelligible limits set by laws of nature. The details of individual and species's lives are not mere frills, without power to shape the large-scale course of events, but particulars that can alter entire futures, profoundly and forever.",
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                        "text": "“[Foucault's] criticism is not transcendental, and its goal is not that of making a metaphysics possible: it is genealogical in its design and archaeological in its method. Archaeological –and not transcendental– in the sense that it will not seek to identify the universal structures of all knowledge or of all possible moral action, but will seek to treat the instances of discourse that articulate what we think, say, and do as so many historical events. And this critique will be genealogical in the sense it will not deduce from the form of what we are what is impossible for us to do and to know; but it will separate out, from the contingency that has made us what we are, the possibility of no longer being, doing, or thinking what we are, do or think. It is not seeking to make possible a metaphysics that has finally become a science; it is seeking to give new impetus, as far and wide as possible, to the undefined work of freedom.”",
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                        "text": "“Charles Kahn offers the following summary of how a new metaphysics takes shape in Islamic philosophy: 'My general view of the historical development is that existence in the modern sense becomes a central concept in philosophy only in the period when Greek ontology is radically revised in the light of a metaphysics of creation; that is to say, under the influence of biblical religion. As far as I can see, this development did not take place with Augustine or with the Greek Church Fathers, who remained under the sway of classical ontology. The new metaphysics seems to have taken shape in Islamic philosophy, in the form of a radical distinction between necessary and contingent existence: between the existence of God on the one hand, and that of the created world on the other.' The new metaphysics that takes shape in Islamic philosophy proves fateful for subsequent philosophy in various ways. What will interest us immediately below is how it plays a role in triggering a debate about how to conceive divine creation. What will be of implicit interest later in these replies is how a remarkably unvarnished version of this new metaphysics comes to be detached from its original theological context. The ensuing detheologized modal metaphysics remains in force in some quarters of analytic philosophy, even though it takes its point of departure from a topic (how to understand the act of divine creation) that is no longer of much interest to most analytic philosophers. For the new metaphysics introduces concepts and ways of thinking that, once divested of their theological garb, continually resurface in the history of philosophy up to the present day.”",
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                        "text": "“The brain homology hypothesis entails losses across the board, with more than 75 percent of existing animal phyla having quite literally lost their heads and exhibiting secondarily degenerated nervous systems. In contrast, the convergence scenario does not require any brain/head/eye losses in the bilaterian phyla that lack these features, because in that hypothesis these groups never had them in the first place. Instead, the heavy lifting for the convergene hypothesis comes through its remarkable postulation that brains originated from primeval nervous systems at least three or four times within Bilateria. Both the homology scenario. and the convergence scenario seem improbable, and yet one of them must be true. Given that both scenarios are consistent with the extant phylogenetic distribution of nervous systems, which hypothesis offers the better explanation of the observed data? [...] The scientific jury is still deliberating and far from a verdict. We are therefore venturing into the frontiers of scientific knowledge.”",
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                        "text": "“Evaluation must be done in hindsight, after the work has been done, not for proposals for work to be done. That said, secondary factors must carry some weigh, because research results depend too much on historical contingency and luck. As articulated by Ralph Bown, vice president of research at Bell Labs from 1951 to 1955: 'A conviction on the part of employees that meritorious performance will be honestly appraised and adequately rewarded is a necessary ingredient of their loyalty. This appraisal, to be fair and convincing, must be based on the individual's performance and capabilities rather than wholly on the direct value of his results. A system which rewards only those lucky enough to strike an idea which pays off handsomely will not have the cooperative teamwork needed for vitality of the enterprise as a whole.”",
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                        "text": "“The photograph not only stops time, Benjamin argues, but also works to project the future out of the past. The photograph is a forward-looking document, so to speak, anticipating a future viewer who will recognise in it a spark of contingency that cannot be contained to one temporal moment. As Benjamin puts it in his \"Little History of Photography\": \"No matter how artful the photographer, no matter how carefully posed his subject, the beholder feels an irresistible urge to search such a picture for the tiny spark of contingency, of the here and now, with which reality has (so to speak) seared the subject, to find the inconspicuous spot where in the immediacy of that long-forgotten moment the future nests so eloquently that we, looking back, may rediscover it.”",
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                        "text": "“The general argument from the contingent to the absolute, or from the conditioned to the unconditioned, is a powerful and cogent one. No attempt, philosophical or otherwise, to show that it is a confused argument, or logically insufficient, or susceptible of some purely physical answer has ever been impressively successful. Even if one does not accept its conclusions one still has absolutely no rational warrant for believing that materialism has any sort of logical superiority over theism; the classical argument is strong enough to show that naturalism is far and away a weaker, more incomplete, and more willfully doctrinaire position than classical theism is. Naturalism, as I have said repeatedly, is a philosophy of the absurd, of the just-there-ness of what is certainly by its nature a contingent reality; it is, simply enough, an absurd philosophy.”",
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                            "name": "David Bentley Hart"
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                        "text": "“In line with the total assault of scientific investigation and critical rationality on our most well-cherished and established intuitions, why should we expect the characteristics of reality to be trivial extensions of characteristics specific to the temporal-causal perspective of the subject? [...] Liberation from a model of time restricted to a particular contingent constitution does not rob the subject of its cognitive and practical abilities, but releases it from the shackles of its most entrenched dogmas about the necessity of the contingent features of its experience. In doing so, it sheds light on the prospects of what the subject of experience and the exercise of change in the world is and can be as it cognitively matures. The transition to a state where one is no longer afraid of being lost in time, having come to the realization that time accommodates no one, should be celebrated as the sign of rational maturity, rather than decried as a manifestation of the subject's impotency. It is in continuity with the critical attitude of rational agency to adopt a model of experience that can interrogate the most natural and established 'facts of experience' rather than corroborating them via the so-called fact that these are simply the ways in which we experience the world. As the extension of this interrogation, such a model should also enlarge the field of our experience, and in doing so, should theoretically and practically challenge popular yet puerile ideologies built around either a temporal account of progress or the second law of thermodynamics.”",
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                        "text": "“Like most visionary utopias, though. IDN (Integrated Data Network) was never to be. Perhaps it was simply too ambitious a project: infrastructures seldom respond to a single vision or a master plan, as Paul Edwards (2010) writes, and conjuring up a platform that would serve the entire marketplace was an almost Quixotic task. Infrastructures emerge not through planning and calculated foresight, but through the meandering paths of history, in the mangle of making, tinkering, and wrestling with the obduracy of organizations, practices, and their installed base. The system eventually introduced for Big Bang reflected this fragility and contingency of infrastructures: it was the creative result of reshaping legacy devices into a system that did the job for the time being. A band-aid. A product of creative, recombinant bricolage.”",
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